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June 29, 2025| | 0 Comment

Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Absorbent Materials

The primary absorbent layer in sanitary pads typically contains:

1. Fluff pulp: A wood-based material that provides excellent liquid absorption and retention properties. This biodegradable component forms the bulk of traditional pad cores.

2. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): These synthetic materials can absorb many times their weight in liquid. SAP particles are often mixed with fluff pulp in modern ultra-thin pads.

## Top Sheet Components

The layer that comes in direct contact with skin usually consists of:

Nonwoven fabrics: Typically made from polypropylene or polyethylene fibers, these materials allow rapid liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry. Some premium pads use perforated or textured nonwovens for enhanced comfort.

## Back Sheet Materials

The waterproof backing prevents leaks and is commonly made from:

Polyethylene film: A thin, flexible plastic layer that provides reliable leakage protection. Some manufacturers now use breathable microporous films to improve comfort.

## Additional Components

Modern sanitary pads may also include:

1. Adhesive strips: For secure attachment to underwear, usually made from pressure-sensitive adhesives

2. Wing materials: Often composed of nonwoven fabrics with elastic components for better fit

3. Fragrance additives: Some products incorporate scent molecules, though these may cause irritation for sensitive skin

## Material Properties and Performance

The effectiveness of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

Absorption Capacity

Measured in grams of fluid absorbed per gram of material, with SAP offering superior performance (up to 50 times its weight).

Retention Under Pressure

High-quality materials maintain absorption even when compressed, preventing leaks during movement.

Breathability

Modern materials allow better air circulation, reducing skin irritation and discomfort.

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring biodegradable alternatives such as:

  • Bamboo fiber topsheets

  • Plant-based SAP derived from starch

  • Compostable backsheet materials

These innovations aim to reduce the environmental impact of disposable sanitary products while maintaining performance standards.